Gottfried Leibniz embarked on a research program to prove all the Aristotelic categorical syllogisms by diagrammatic and algebraic methods. He succeeded in proving them by means of Euler diagrams, but didn’t produce a manuscript with their algebraic proofs. We demonstrate how key excerpts scattered across various Leibniz’s drafts on logic contained sufficient ingredients to prove them by an algebraic method –which we call the Leibniz-Cayley (LC) system– without having to make use of the more expressive and complex machinery of first-order (...) quantificational logic. In addition, we prove the classic categorical syllogisms again by a relational method –which we call the McColl-Ladd (ML) system– employing categorical relations studied by Hugh McColl and Christine Ladd. Finally, we show the connection of ML and LC with Boolean algebra, proving that ML is a consequence of LC, and that LC is a consequence of the Boolean lattice axioms, thus establishing Leibniz’s historical priority over George Boole in characterizing and applying (a sufficient fragment of) Boolean algebra to effectively tackle categorical syllogistic. (shrink)

Emergency departments are challenging research settings, where truly informed consent can be difficult to obtain. A deeper understanding of emergency medical patients’ opinions about research is needed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of quantitative and qualitative studies on which values, attitudes, or beliefs of emergent medical research participants influence research participation. We included studies of adults that investigated opinions toward emergency medicine research participation. We excluded studies focused on the association between demographics or consent document features and participation (...) and those focused on non-emergency research. In August 2011, we searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scirus, PsycINFO, AgeLine and Global Health. Titles, abstracts and then full manuscripts were independently evaluated by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by consensus and adjudicated by a third author. Studies were evaluated for bias using standardised scores. We report themes associated with participation or refusal. Our initial search produced over 1800 articles. A total of 44 articles were extracted for full-manuscript analysis, and 14 were retained based on our eligibility criteria. Among factors favouring participation, altruism and personal health benefit had the highest frequency. Mistrust of researchers, feeling like a ‘guinea pig’ and risk were leading factors favouring refusal. Many studies noted limitations of informed consent processes in emergent conditions. We conclude that highlighting the benefits to the participant and society, mitigating risk and increasing public trust may increase research participation in emergency medical research. New methods for conducting informed consent in such studies are needed. (shrink)

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar algumas das principais práticas da filosofia universitária brasileira, de forma a denunciar seus pressupostos colonizadores e apontar seus limites na elaboração de um pensamento filosófico capaz de se relacionar, efetivamente, com os problemas do território brasileiro. Analisa-se como a estratégia de leitura e explicação dos textos europeus e estadunidenses, considerados predominantemente as referências clássicas à filosofia, faz funcionar as relações de saber e dominação existentes do Norte global sobre os povos do Sul por (...) eles colonizados. Utiliza-se a experiência constitutiva do curso de filosofia da Universidade de São Paulo como exemplo das práticas e dos pressupostos de colonialidade pelos quais nossa filosofia acadêmica é modelada. A partir das contribuições de Lélia Gonzalez, Ailton Krenak, Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui e Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, serão questionados essas práticas e pressupostos, demonstrando como tais autores desafiam não só a alterar o habitual referencial teórico naturalizado na filosofia brasileira, mas, principalmente, a operar uma mudança ética e política nas relações que se estabelecem, usualmente, com a filosofia.: The goal of this article is to problematize some of the main practices of Brazilian university philosophy, in order to denounce its colonizing assumptions and point out its limits to elaborate a philosophical thought capable of relating, effectively, with the problems that affect us in the Brazilian territory. We will analyze how the strategy of reading and explaining European and unitedstatian texts, predominantly considered the classic references to philosophy, operate the relations of knowledge and domination that exist between the global North under the peoples of the South that they colonized. We will use the constitutive experience of the degree in philosophy at the University of São Paulo as an example of the practices and assumptions of coloniality by which our academic philosophy is modeled. From the contributions of Lélia Gonzalez, Ailton Krenak, Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui and Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, we will question those practices and assumptions, demonstrating how these authors challenge us not only to change the usual theoretical framework naturalized in Brazilian philosophy, but, above all, to operate an ethical and political change in the relationships that we usually establish with philosophy. (shrink)

Classifying domain entities into their respective top-level ontology concepts is a complex problem that typically demands manual analysis and deep expertise in the domain of interest and ontology engineering. Using an efficient approach to classify domain entities enhances data integration, interoperability, and the semantic clarity of ontologies, which are crucial for structured knowledge representation and modeling. Based on this, our main motivation is to help an ontology engineer with an automated approach to classify domain entities into top-level ontology concepts using (...) informal definitions of these domain entities during the ontology development process. In this context, we hypothesize that the informal definitions encapsulate semantic information crucial for associating domain entities with specific top-level ontology concepts. Our approach leverages state-of-the-art language models to explore our hypothesis across multiple languages and informal definitions from different knowledge resources. In order to evaluate our proposal, we extracted multi-label datasets from the alignment of the OntoWordNet ontology and the BabelNet semantic network, covering the entire structure of the Dolce-Lite-Plus top-level ontology from most generic to most specific concepts. These datasets contain several different textual representation approaches of domain entities, including terms, example sentences, and informal definitions. Our experiments conducted 3 study cases, investigating the effectiveness of our proposal across different textual representation approaches, languages, and knowledge resources. We demonstrate that the best results are achieved using a classification pipeline with a K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method to classify the embedding representation of informal definitions from the Mistral large language model. The findings underscore the potential of informal definitions in reflecting top-level ontology concepts and point towards developing automated tools that could significantly aid ontology engineers during the ontology development process. (shrink)

Despite the various perceptual-motor deficits documented in strabismus, there is a paucity of studies evaluating visual illusions in patients with strabismus. The aim of this study was to examine how the illusionary perception occurs in children/adolescents with strabismus with referral for surgery to correct ocular deviations. A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out in which 45 participants with strabismus and 62 healthy volunteers aged 10–15 years were evaluated. The behavioral response to three geometric illusions [Vertical-Horizontal illusion, Müller-Lyer illusion and Ponzo (...) illusion] and respective neutral stimuli regarding the estimation of image size and response time were measured using the Method of Adjustment. To analyze the influence of secondary factors: type of ocular deviation ; amount of eye deviation; presence of amblyopia and stereopsis, a one-way ANOVA was performed. Among the tested illusions, children with strabismus showed greater susceptibility and response time to Ponzo’s illusory images. Children with strabismus and preserved stereopsis, on the other hand, showed similar susceptibility and response time to control group patients to the Ponzo illusion. Patients with amblyopia showed overcorrection in the estimate of non-illusory Ponzo images. Children with horizontal ocular deviation associated with vertical deviation showed higher susceptibility to vertical adjustment images for the Müller-Lyer illusion. Individuals with strabismus tended to overcorrect the length of the straight-line segment adjusted for non-illusory images when testing non-illusory images in the Müller-Lyer test, as well as for the neutral images in the Vertical-Horizontal test. The findings indicated impairment in the perception of geometric illusions and neutral figures, especially for the Ponzo illusion test by children with strabismus. As the behavioral response to illusory images may indirectly reflect the visual and morphofunctional alterations present in these individuals, we suggest that the investigation of visual illusory perception can be used as a new research strategy in the field of investigating the visual function in strabismus. (shrink)

Conservationists have two types of arguments for why we should conserve ecosystems: instrumental and intrinsic value arguments. Instrumental arguments contend that we ought to conserve ecosystems because of the benefits that humans, or other morally relevant individuals, derive from ecosystems. Conservationists are often loath to rely too heavily on the instrumental argument because it could potentially force them to admit that some ecosystems are not at all useful to humans, or that if they are, they are not more useful than (...) alternative configurations of those ecosystems. Consequently, conservationists often resort to an intrinsic value argument, contending that ecosystems are objectively valuable as ends in themselves, rather than merely as means to an end. If ecosystems have intrinsic value, then they have moral standing, which means that we must consider their needs and interests in any decisions we make about them. This paper concerns the significance of this move for... (shrink)

Este artículo es un intento de dilucidación y delimitación historiográfico-conceptual que pretende aportar un enfoque alternativo a los estudios sobre la teoría política realista. Mi propósito es presentar un bosquejo del sentido histórico del concepto de realismo político situándolo en los contextos de la Realpolitik alemana y de la escuela realista de las relaciones internacionales. De este modo, pretendo mostrar las relaciones contextuales del realismo político, la localización de su antagonismo con el liberalismo y la invención retrospectiva de una tradición (...) realista como resultado de una serie de apropiaciones intelectuales y políticas. This article is a historiographical and conceptual attempt of clarification and delimitation to offer an alternative view to the studies of the realist political theory. I pretend to put forward an outline of the historical sense of the concept of political realism, placing it on the contexts of German Realpolitik and the realist school of international relations. Thus, I pretend to show the contextual relations of political realism, the location of its antagonism against liberalism and the retrospective invention of a realist tradition as a result of a set of intellectual and political additions. (shrink)

La antropología, en una escueta pero certera definición, es la “ciencia que estudia la cultura”. Aserto que exige una comprensión clara de lo que significa lo que es la cultura y su evolución; particularmente considerando que desde mediados del Siglo XX vivimos en la Era de la Información, elemento que algunos consideran fundamental, a la par con la materia y/o energía. Este articulo propone una nueva interpretación de la antropología, considerando el impacto de la información. Para formular dicha construcción es (...) necesario no solo definir lo que es la información como objeto de estudio, sino también naturalizarla, hacerla asequible a nuestra experiencia diaria. Este afán logra descubrir el papel fundamental de la información en la antropología, tanto en sus orígenes como en su actual desarrollo local y global. (shrink)

En la tradición teológica de la religión judía que demostró poseer Pablo de Tarso, el Dios de Israel tiene el poder de crear y el poder de volver a crear; es decir, realizar una nueva creación. Pablo experimentó cómo en Jesús, Dios ha revelado la salvación, el perdón de los pecados por amor a toda la humanidad; y cada vez que un ser humano recibe este don por parte de Dios, se genera un nuevo ser. La comprensión e interpretación del (...) mensaje teológico de Pablo sobre el tema de la nueva creación se basa en el discurso tomado en la carta de Pablo a los Gálatas y en las proposiciones escritas a los Corintios. Esta hermenéutica se complementa con la comprensión de otro discurso sobre el tema de la creación expuesto en la carta a los Romanos. In the theological tradition of the Jewish religion that Paul of Tarsus proved to have, the God of Israel has the power to create and the power to re-create; that is, making a new creation. Paul experienced that in Jesus, God has revealed salvation, forgiveness of sins for the sake of all mankind, and every time which a human being receives this gift from God, a new being is created. The theological understanding and interpretation of Paul's message on the subject of the new creation is based on the speech made in his letter to the Galatians and in one of his propositions in Corinthians. This hermeneutics is complemented from the understanding of another speech about the creation exposed in the Letter to the Romans. (shrink)

En la actualidad se habla de la anomalía dentomaxilofacial como una enfermedad inherente a la civilización, cuya prevalencia varia en las distintas partes del mundo, el alto índice se relaciona a la heterogeneidad genética. Estas anomalías tienen una etiología multifactorial donde intervienen diversos factores internos o externos, que provocan variabilidad en su forma de presentación; cada una tiene características muy particulares y diversos grados de complejidad a la hora de ser tratadas, sin embargo poseen un aspecto común, afectan por lo (...) general la estética y la psiquis de los pacientes que las padecen. Con el objetivo de determinar afectaciones psicológicas en niños y adolescentes con anomalías dentomaxilofaciales se realizó un estudio no experimental descriptivo transversal. Se ejecutó en dos etapas y se emplearon métodos empíricos la recolección de la información a través de interrogatorio y examen clínico, incluido el Test Auto reporte vivencial para determinar la afectación psicológica del niño o adolescente. Se evidenció que los adolescentes resultaron ser afectados psicológicamente en presencia de anomalías de origen dentario. Presently, while prevalence varies in different parts of the world, dentomaxillofacial anomaly is regarded as a disease of our civilization. Its high rate is related to genetic heterogeneity. These anomalies have a multifactorial etiology since various internal or external factors that cause variability in its presentation are involved. Each of these anomalies has unique characteristics and varying degrees of complexity when being treated. However, they have a common feature: they usually affect the aesthetics and psyche of patients who suffer from them. In order to determine the psychological effects of dentomaxillofacial anomalies in children and adolescents, a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. It was carried out in two stages and empirical methods were used for collecting information through interview and clinical examination, including Experiential Self-Report to determine the psychological effects in the child or adolescent. Through this study, adolescents were found to be affected psychologically in the presence of anomalies of dental origin. (shrink)

En los pueblos indígenas de México existen mecanismos de toma de decisión y participación que contribuyen al logro del bienestar común. Estos procesos constituyen parte del espacio público para resolver sus problemas y a través de ellos se reafirman la pertenencia e identidad que fortalecen las relaciones sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales de los miembros de la comunidad. La forma en que se manifiesta esta reafirmación es por medio de la participación en el trabajo comunitario, el sistema de cargos y (...) las asambleas comunitarias. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, con la intervención de las políticas públicas de los distintos órdenes de gobierno y la inclusión de estos pueblos en los procesos políticos, en la búsqueda de una mayor participación ciudadana y el ejercicio de sus derechos civiles en un contexto democrático, han modificado las reglas de convivencia afectando estos mecanismos que son la base de la estructura comunitaria. (shrink)

El crecimiento y el desarrollo de la complejidad cultural a lo largo de la historia humana, poseen la forma de una espiral en movimiento que se abre a las posibilidades; desde un punto se extienden una serie de círculos concéntricos que amplían el espectro cultural. Esta apertura la podemos percibir desde un concepto clave en la obra wittgensteineana, a saber, la noción de ver aspectos. Por otra parte, con ella también podemos distinguir y entender otro punto clave en esa dinámica (...) cultural, ello es: la idea de cambio y conflicto social. Así pues, la idea del presente trabajo es mostrar las estructuras epistémicas con las que operan los conflictos y los cambios socioculturales -tan relevantes para el desarrollo social y la teoría antropológica-, tomando como fondo la idea wittgensteineana de visión de aspectos. Con lo que encontramos, que el presente artículo además de ser una contribución al “estudio cultural” con base en un interés epistemológico, pretende vincular la filosofía wittgensteineana con la antropología científica.Palabras clave: Visión de aspectos, conflicto, cambio social, Wittgenstein, epistemología.The growth and development of cultural complexity throughout human history has had the form of a moving spiral that opens to possibilities; from one point, a series of concentric circles is extended that expand the cultural spectrum. This opening can be perceived from a key concept in Wittgenstein’s thought, namely, the notion of seeing aspects. On the other hand, with this concept we can also identify and understand another key point in that cultural dynamic: the idea of change and social conflict. Thus, the idea of this paper is to show the epistemic structures through which conflicts and socio-cultural changes operate, which are so relevant to social development and the anthropological theory, taking the Wittgensteinian idea of seeing aspects as a background. This article is not only a contribution to “cultural study” based on an epistemological interest, but it also tries to link Wittgenstein’s philosophy with scientific anthropology.Key words: Vision of aspects, conflict, social change, Wittgenstein, epistemology. (shrink)

La fenomenología de la religión es una de las ciencias de las religiones surgida en el siglo XIX. Tras una época dorada, las dificultades epistemológicas y los debates suscitados en torno al estatuto del saber la abocaron a una profunda crisis interna. En la actualidad, existen dos formas de entender la fenomenología de la religión: la primera, como historia comparada de las religiones, centrada en la descripción y clasificación de los fenómenos religiosos; la segunda, como fenomenología hermenéutica, centrada en la (...) comprensión del fenómeno religioso. Ambas corrientes constituyen dos visiones divergentes de la fenomenología de la religión. Sin embargo, podrían concebirse como dos fases fenomenológicas convergentes que apuntan a la consolidación de una antropología filosófica de la religión. En este artículo, analizamos el objetivo, los principales representantes, las dificultades epistemológicas y los logros de cada una de estas for-mas de comprender la fenomenología de la religión y su posible conjugación en la configuración de una filosofía fenomenológica de la religión.The phenomenology of religion is one of the sciences of religions emerged in the 19th century. After a golden age, the epistemological difficulties, and the debates about the status of knowledge led to a deep internal crisis. At present, there are two ways of understanding the phenomenology of religion: the first, as a com-parative history of religions, focused on description and classification of religious phenomena; the second, as a hermeneutical phenomenology, focused on the understanding of religious phenomena. Both currents constitute two divergent views of phenomenology of religion. However, they can be conceived as two convergent phenomenological phases that point to the consoli-dation of a philosophical anthropology of religion. In this paper, we analyze the goal, main representatives, epistemological difficulties and achievements of each of these ways of understanding the phenomenology of religion and its possible conjugation in the configuration of a phenomenological philosophy of religion. (shrink)

Verdad, justicia y reparación, son conceptos que en los últimos años han aparecido en el panorama jurídico penal colombiano, para hacer referencia a los derechos que tiene la víctima de un delito y no ya únicamente derecho a la reparación económica. Si bien expresamente la ley 906 se refiere a esos tres derechos, sus efectos prácticos son de aplicación relativa, ya que en muchas ocasiones no se logra establecer la verdad, no se hace justicia y no se logra la reparación. (...) En la ley 975, en aplicación de justicia transicional, se avizora una clara intención de que se sepa la verdad, se haga justicia y se repare a las víctimas. (shrink)

Este texto plantea una discusión del artículoTal discusión se entabla a partir de dosrespuesta estructuralista al problema dela comparación racional de teorías rivalesaspectos de la obra de Kuhn que se hansolución que el estructuralismo esbozacomo promisorias.

In Africa, homosexuality is routinely understood as a form of immoral behaviour. This has great implications for the physical and psychological well-being of homosexuals in Africa. One of the reasons why homosexuals are sometimes understood to be behaving immorally is because it is believed that same-sex relations are unnatural. I think that this conception of unnatural is grounded on the perverted faculty argument, although this is not often expressed in such terms. In this article, I will develop a concept of (...) natural grounded on the concept of Ukama. I will show that despite Ukama implying a functional conception of nature, just like in the perverted faculty argument, it does not imply that homosexuality is immoral. (shrink)

At the end of the colonial epoch, the commercial taxes applied to the commodities that the Spanish America needed for its mainteinance supposed a heavy load for the economic and social life of those lands. The dissatisfaction that this supposed, together with the political and social crisis of the Spanish empire, generated an auspicious cultivation brotli that encouraged the struggle spirit of independence. It is demonstrated until which extent many of the inhabitants of those lands were well aware of the (...) abusive tax system that and how other solutions to the problem were offered. (shrink)

Espinosa nunca explicitou uma teoria sobre educação. Contudo, a leitura da sua obra dá-nos pistas para pensar a educação. A via para o conhecimento, que implica a interação de aspectos cognitivos e afetivos, dá-se como encontro daquele que se conhece com o conhecido, resultando no verdadeiro conhecimento, o qual é indissociável da felicidade suprema e do aumento de potência. O ignorante e o sábio são duas figuras extremas do devir-ético enquanto possibilidade de transformação inerente à existência humana, permitindo-nos refletir sobre (...) a relação ensino/aprendizagem. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Vontade Geral é um conceito fundamental da teoria política de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. A intençáo deste artigo é mostrar alguns atributos dessa vontade; apontar sua importância nas idéias rousseaunianas de Soberania e Lei; apresentar como ela é identificada e promovida e como ela se impõe na sociedade pós-pacto garantindo a (...) igualdade e a liberdade do homem social. (shrink)

En este contexto interesa preguntarse por la significación y la utilidad que puede tener hoy una conversación con los escritos de Wittgenstein. No es una pregunta que deba interesar sólo a los especialistas, sean filósofos profesionales o de otros campos científicos, sino que es una pregunta que toca los intereses de las personas en cualquiera de los ámbitos de la acción. En el contexto del giro hermenéutico en el pensamiento de Wittgenstein me propongo destacar algunos puntos que pueden dar lugar (...) a un diálogo más amplio entre el pensamiento de Wittgenstein y la hermenéutica filosófica contemporánea, tales como la relación entre los conceptos de ethos o forma de vida, logos, juego, sentido común y cotidianidad. (shrink)

This article examines the relationships between gender and technology in Spanish feminist praxis online and argues that different perspectives on online feminist community-building offer distinct responses to cyberactivism, which is considered central to sustaining efforts for social change. To ascertain whether Spanish virtual communities and cyberactivism have the potential to address the challenges posed by the relations between gender and technology, we analyse feminist scholar Remedios Zafra's theoretical proposals, and the different ways in which this theory intersects with the cyberactivism (...) put forth by two feminist web portals, Ciudad de Mujeres and Mujeres en Red. We will discuss to what degree particular Spanish feminist theory and practice online adapts to or challenges utopianism regarding the liberating potential of technology. We will also examine how, in the face of critical arguments about such liberatory possibilities, two options present themselves for women's effective use of technology: inhabiting or occupying the web through the construction of feminist communities online. (shrink)

Innovation and sustainability are postulated as key variables for the future of large commercial distribution. In addition, the development of Information and Communication Technologies solutions, and especially those related to Artificial Intelligence and digitization, are particularly relevant factors in the current pandemic scenario in which retail companies operate. These tools are essential to face the derived changes in commercial relations, especially between companies and consumers. For all these reasons, this work aims to examine the effect of ICT, as a driving (...) factor for innovation and its direct and indirect impact on sustainability in retailing. Furthermore, this study takes into account the eventual differences in these relationships according to the types of store formats. To achieve the aforementioned objective, a theoretical model is proposed that is tested through an empirical study carried out on a sample of 510 consumers of three store formats of grocery retail formats in Spain. For the analysis of the data obtained, the partial least squares regression technique and the Multigroup Analysis were used. The results obtained confirm the direct and indirect effect of ICT on innovation and sustainability in grocery retailing. In addition, the results indicate that consumers unequally perceive the technological progress of companies. These differences are greater between discount stores versus hypermarkets and supermarkets. The larger the size of the store format, the higher the incidence of ICT in relation to innovation. Therefore, it is vital to take ICT into consideration, where Artificial Intelligence is imperative for the growth and development of sustainable competitive advantages in retail companies. (shrink)

Los Salmanticen-ses fueron teólogos que enseña-ron en el Colegio universitario salmanticenses de los carmelitas descalzos durante el siglo XVII y primera parte del XVIII. A ellos se deben el “Cursus theologi-cus salmanticensis”, así como el “Cursus moralis salmanticensis”. El tratado de penitencia del Cur-sus theologicus salmanticensisestá dividido en dos partes bien diferenciadas, aunque íntima-mente relacionadas: 1. La peni-tencia como sacramento. 2. La penitencia como virtud. Resumi-mos aquí sobre todo lo que se refiere la Penitencia como sacra-mento. Nuestro método es analí-tico (...) y comparativo, y el objeto de nuestra investigación consiste en la síntesis, el análisis y el comen-tario de los textos más destaca-dos sobre la materia penitencial. (shrink)

Resumen El presente trabajo, integrado en un proyecto investigador de mayor envergadura sobre el ataque descortés en el debate electoral, desarrolla el análisis de dos estrategias de descortesía que revelan un funcionamiento particularmente interesante en dichos eventos discursivos: el menosprecio y la burla hacia el adversario. Tomando como referencia el último debate cara a cara de máximo nivel celebrado en España hasta el momento, el que enfrentó a A. Pérez Rubalcaba y M. Rajoy en la campaña para las elecciones generales (...) de 2011, se analiza el valor funcional de estas estrategias y los rasgos de las diversas variantes que presentan, así como los diferentes patrones lingüístico-discursivos en que toman forma. A ello se une su caracterización desde el punto de vista teórico de la descortesía lingüística. El trabajo, además, se contextualiza en el marco de la investigación en la que se integra, un análisis global del funcionamiento de la descortesía en el debate citado, en el que se aísla una nómina de estrategias de descortesía, se realiza un inventario de los mecanismos lingüístico-discursivos que se ponen en juego para su ejecución y se lleva a cabo una caracterización de los ataques desde el prisma teórico de la descortesía. (shrink)

Explico a inevitabilidade de um cenário em que a atual indústria de produção filosófica se cruza com a inteligência artificial geral. Defende-se que esta última terá um impacto não negligenciável sobre a primeira, algo que os decisores devem antecipar e preparar. Proponho uma posição equilibrada a este respeito, uma atitude prudencial entre o pessimismo e o otimismo, bem como a substituição de um desiderato de quantidade nesta indústria por um desiderato de qualidade.

O que o leitor encontrará neste volume são 25 primorosos testemunhos do percurso que a Associação Brasileira de Linguística, a Abralin, percorreu nesses 50 anos, tendo, como pano de fundo, a criação no país dos cursos especializados de graduação e pós-graduação em Linguística; a emergência de novos temas e novas metodologias de pesquisa; as inovações tecnológicas; a atuação política das associações científicas como lugar de resistência democrática e o seu papel na busca do conhecimento e do bem do homem. Vale (...) a pena perseguir pelos textos este fio condutor, correlacionando-o com os temas colocados em evidência nas conferências e mesas-redondas pelas respectivas Diretorias. Os textos que compõem o presente volume revivem, pois, a construção da grandeza da Abralin e, por tabela, do desenvolvimento da Linguística no Brasil, enquanto disciplina autônoma de ensino e pesquisa. Estão aqui registradas, quase todas em primeira pessoa, contribuições inestimáveis. (shrink)

O presente texto versa sobre o marketing preditivo e a personalização da informação. A personalização compreende o caráter inaugurador da pós-modernidade, dado que esta ideia elabora o empreendimento de si, o torna-se a si mesmo. É concebida em um momento de flexibilidade da sociedade, alto consumo de bens e, a julgar que este consumo causa prazer, logo invoca-se a estrutura do hedonismo a partir da lógica da sedução pelo marketing. É importante uma leitura pragmática sobre a pós-verdade e a personalização (...) algorítmica, com base na filosofia de Charles Sanders Peirce. Pretende-se evidenciar, a partir do pensamento do filósofo C.S. Peirce, a organização dos internautas por um método de fixação da crença. Peirce afirma que o objetivo da crença é um estado de calmaria. Em razão da procura por essa posição estável, os usuários adotam o Método da Tenacidade, segundo o qual é suficiente apenas ter uma crença, que não necessariamente deve ser fundamentada, mas que deve, sim, cumprir o objetivo de uma crença, que é a felicidade. Portanto, busca refletir como o método utilizado fortalece o surgimento da Pós-verdade e dos seus elementos Fake News e Negacionismo. A Fake News vem a ser um discurso construído com o fim da manipulação, já o negacionismo é o sentimento de ódio e a luta pelo enfraquecimento das instituições estatais e científicas que têm o intuito de estabelecer a produção de conhecimento. (shrink)

Religions today, actively participate in the daily life of most people on the planet, producing different relationships and conflicts too, from a reference to the transcendent existence, so the construction of their space of action - their territories - cut out ways different society, especially in big cities, where the clash of different world views imply different ways of living and feeling the city and others in this city. We propose here the discussion about territory and identity of the Church (...) of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, more popularly known as Mormons, in Belem, from the phenomenological method, highlighting the experience of church members as central to relational and hierarchical production that territory, so that it becomes a source of affirmation geo-symbolic group in the city and the world. Clarifying the designation of territorial identity and explaining their sacred ways of acting and conceiving the world contributed to deepen the debate in key categories to suit the social sciences in general: space and culture, and also debating and rethinking of the specific concepts geography in their culture perspective. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo é propor um cotejo das posições kantianas expostas em seu texto das Analogias da experiência com teorias científicas amplamente aceitas hodiernamente. Assim, avalia-se, mesmo que de maneira breve, o alcance e a sustentação das teses kantianas expostas no referido texto, tomando como base de reflexão aspectos importantes da relatividade, da termodinâmica e da física quântica. Tal análise revela, por um lado, que a aplicabilidade da primeira e da terceira analogias da experiência, as quais lidam, respectivamente, com (...) as categorias da substância e da comunidade, parece estar restrita apenas ao domínio dos objetos da física newtoniana, excluindo os domínios da relatividade e da física quântica; e, por outro lado, que a aplicabilidade da segunda analogia da experiência, a qual se refere à categoria da causalidade, encontra dificuldades não só em sua aplicação aos objetos da termodinâmica, mas também em sua aplicação aos objetos da física clássica. (shrink)

RESUMO Este artigo1 pretende evidenciar as características do livro-álbum pós-moderno, concretamente, na obra de Anthony Browne, criador britânico de reconhecido valor na conformação deste segmento privilegiado da edição infantojuvenil contemporânea, cuja narrativização resulta da relação triádica texto-imagem-suporte. A revisitação do conjunto da sua obra, a partir de um corpus necessariamente restrito e mais representativo, propõe evidenciar as potencialidades estético-literárias e formativas de uma produção sui generis, reconhecendo o seu contributo na consolidação de um novo paradigma da literatura para a infância. (...) Partindo de anteriores investigações em torno das recentes tendências do livro-álbum, com destaque para teorizações relativas aos conceitos de intertextualidade e metaficcionalidade - estratégias fundadoras da “escrita” do autor apreciado -, observam-se procedimentos formais, retórico-estilísticos e ideotemáticos numa leitura dialógica das componentes verbal e visual, concluindo-se acerca das suas exigências ao nível da receção, bem como do seu impacto na educação literária, crítica e reflexiva dos seus destinatários preferenciais, embora não exclusivos. (shrink)